Three-Year Investigation of Tillage Management on the Soil Physical Environment, Earthworm Populations and Crop Yields in Croatia

The aim of this study was to determine the environmental suitability conservation tillage systems. A 3-year experiment conducted in Croatia, effects different treatments on soil properties, with following: deep (DC), shallow tine cultivation (SC) and ploughing (P). Soil penetration resistance (SPR) significantly greater P compared DC all three years. In 2016, it found at 30–40 40–50 cm; 2017 10–20 2018 0–10 cm. However, SC 20–30, cm 2017. surface coverage (>30%) as (<1%) provided higher moisture content (SMC) maize (2016) soybean (2018). 2017, SMC lower than DC. Regarding 3 years, agronomic structure had crumb ratio P, whereas dust SC. Throughout 15 measurements, most favorable habitat (11 occasions out 15). earthworm abundance resulted highest yield, however difference not significant. Higher positively impacted (decreased increased ratio) abundance. It can be concluded that which affected SPR, SMC, P.